Network Pharmacology in Research on Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Compound Prescriptions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and compound prescriptions is confirmed based on practical experience. It is a highly generalized expression of the clinical characteristics and scope of prescriptions and a unique expression of the medical effects of TCM. Network pharmacology， as a cross-disciplinary field based on the theory of systems biology and multi-level analysis of biological systems， has become a common virtual screening tool in TCM research and gradually developed with the progress in big data and artificial intelligence. In the context of modern medicine， the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions has a vague concept and lacks scientific evidence. Elucidating the connotation of TCM efficacy and guiding TCM theoretical research has become one of the hotspots and difficulties in TCM research. This article explores the feasibility of using network pharmacology for the research on the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions and investigates whether the research results can represent part of the efficacy of prescriptions. Furthermore， the research platforms and algorithms in this field are summarized. The research ideas and existing problems in this field are proposed from the aspects of efficacy concept embodiment， target screening， result verification， efficacy network building， and homogenization avoiding of network pharmacology research results. Finally， the future development directions are prospected. This article is expected to provide a reference for exploring the modern biological basis of the efficacy of TCM and compound prescriptions and for the clinical application and theoretical research of TCM.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Treats Chronic Atrophic Gastritis via Multiple Pathways / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo mine the compatibility rules of patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescriptions for treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by systems pharmacology and molecular docking methods, and predict the targets and molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicinals with different efficacy in the treatment of CAG. MethodThe TCM compound prescriptions for treating CAG were extracted from the patent system of the China National Intellectual Property Administration. The active components and targets of the prescriptions were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrative Database (TCMID), and UniProt. The candidate targets and pathways of CAG were obtained from GeneCards, DisGeNet, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), MalaCards, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome. The gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment were realized by R Studio 4.1.2. STRING11.0 was employed to build the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and AutoDock Vina 4.2.6 was used for the docking between key targets and components. ResultA total of 228 TCM compound prescriptions for treating CAG were extracted. The medicinals used in these prescriptions mainly had warm or cold nature, bitter or sweet taste, tropism to the spleen, stomach, and liver meridians, and the efficacy of tonifying Qi, regulating Qi movement, clearing heat, and activating and toniying blood. The prescriptions mainly treated CAG via p53, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), forkhead box protein O (FoxO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results confirmed that the active components in the prescriptions had docking activities with key receptor proteins. ConclusionThis study preliminarily analyzed the compatibility rules of TCM compound prescriptions in the treatment of CAG. The medicinals with different efficacy treat CAG by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress response, preventing carcinogen production, promoting gastric acid secretion, and improving local microcirculation in a multi-target, multi-pathway, multi-link manner. The findings facilitate the research on the TCM treatment of CAG.

Study on the Medication Rule of the National Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Formula in the Treatment of Depression / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for depression in the National Patent Database using data mining， and to provide ideas for the clinical treatment and the development of new drugs for depression. MethodsThe patent data of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression were searched from inception to July 1st， 2022 on the Patent Publication Announcement website of China National Intellectual Property Administration. The selected traditional Chinese medicine compounds were analyzed by using the data mining section of the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform （V2.3.5） for drug frequency， and based on this， the nature， flavor， channel entry and function of the medicinals were analyzed. Representative high-frequency herbal combinations were obtained through correlation analysis， while the classification of Chinese medicine compounds for depression was analyzed by cluster analysis， and the core combinations of herbs for the treatment of depression were screened out using complex network analysis. ResultsA total of 325 Chinese medicine compounds were included， involving 452 herbs， with a total frequency of 3532 times. The top 10 mostly used herbs were Yujin （Radix Curcumae， 122 times）， Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri， 122 times）， Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba， 109 times）， Suanzaoren （Spina Date Seed， 95 times）， Fuling （Poria， 94 times）， Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis， 94 times）， Yuanzhi （Radix Polygalae， 84 times）， Baizhu （Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae， 72 times）， Shichangpu （Rhizoma Acori Graminei， 71 times）， and Danshen （Salvia Miltiorrhiza， 61 times）. The natures of the herbs were mainly warm （998 times）， neutral （944 times）， slightly cold （596 times） and cold （497 times）； the flavors were mainly sweet （1648 times）， acrid （1392 times）， and bitter （1337 times）； the channels of entry were mainly liver （1695 times）， heart （1521 times）， spleen （1326 times） and lung （1268 times）. The medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint， moistening the intestines to promote defecation， calming the heart and the mind， moving qi to relieve constraint were used more frequently. The high frequency herbal combinations by association analysis included “Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）→ Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）”， “Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis）→Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）” and “Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）→ Yujin （Radix Curcumae）”. The 22 high frequency medicinals used more than 40 times could be clustered into six categories. Complex network analysis found the core herbal combination for the treatment of depression was the formula of Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）， Yujin （Radix Curcumae）， Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）， Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis）， Fuling （Poria）， Suanzaoren （Spina Date Seed）， and Xiangfu （Cyperi Rhizoma）. ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression is mainly based on the pathogenesis of constraint， stasis and deficiency， focusing on the liver， heart， spleen and lung， commonly using medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint， fortifying spleen and nourishing heart， regulating qi and invigorating blood， and moistening the intestines to promote defecation， which can provide a reference for the clinical treatment and new drug research and development for depression.

Post-marketing effectiveness evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in paradigm based on "proving efficacy, conforming standard, and exploring mechanism":a case study of Danhong Injection / 中国中药杂志

At present, new concepts, new technologies, and new methods are emerging in the field of medical research, breaking through the inherent thinking patterns and research models, and promoting the transformation of the research paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). This paper gave a case study of clinical research in Danhong Injection in the treatment of chronic stable angina, and based on the background of the study, index evaluation model, experimental design method, blind implementation of placebo, data management system, and exploration of clinical efficacy mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compounds under the framework of modular pharmacology, the scientific idea of "proving efficacy, conforming standard, and exploring mechanism" was used as the guideline to discuss the research model of reevaluation of the effectiveness of post-marketing TCM varieties. This paper drew a target network map of Danhong Injection in the treatment of chronic stable angina for the first time, which was composed of targeted functional modules. By combining evidence-based clinical research with modular pharmacology framework, changes in the pharmacolo-gical mechanism were finally associated with changes in clinical efficacy, and the advantages of phenotypic correlation of efficacy were explored. This study is expected to provide references for the post-marketing effectiveness evaluation and new ideas for the phenotypic pharmacological mechanism study of multi-target TCM compounds and precise treatment, thereby promoting the innovative development of TCM.

Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.

Phase Difference of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Decoction： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Decoction is a traditional clinical way of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound. A series of complex physical and chemical changes are often involved in the process of decoction， which presents a mixed-phase system. In most studies on the TCM compound decoction， it has always focused on the amounts of chemical substances in decoction， while the phase properties and existence forms of these components are neglected. Most of the chemical components exist in the mixed-phase system as molecules， ions or other particles. According to the particle size of the contained particles， the differences among the phases， including true solution phase， colloidal phase， suspended phase and precipitated phase， lead to their differences in pharmaceutical and biological effects. Based on the above research background， this paper takes the phase state differences of decoction as the breakthrough point， and systematically reviews the physicochemical properties， the physical structures of the active components and the biological effects of the decoction caused by the phase state differences. The phase state differences of TCM compound decoction have been found to be closely related to their efficacy， which might be a good perspective to investigate the possible mechanism. It might provide a beneficial reference for the exploration of related basic research on TCM compounds.

Research progress in mechanism of Chinese herbal compounds and monomers in delaying lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of degenerative bone and joint diseases, and its widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, many scholars have conducted a large number of basic studies on the delay of intervertebral disc degeneration by herbal compound and monomeric components from different perspectives. In order to further elucidate its mechanism of action, this paper summarizes the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies conducted at the level of both herbal compound and single components, respectively, in order to provide references for the basic research on the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration by Chinese medicine. A summary shows that commonly used herbal compound prescriptions include both classical prescriptions such as Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, as well as clinical experience prescriptions such as Yiqi Huoxue Recipe. Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, and Eucommiae Cortex were used most frequently. Tonic for deficiency and blood stasis activators were used most frequently. The most utilized monomeric components include icariin, ginsenoside Re, salvianolic acid B and aucubin. The main molecular mechanisms by which herbal compound and monomeric components delay of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration include improving the intervertebral disc microenvironment, promoting the synthesis of aggregated proteoglycans and type Ⅱ collagen in the intervertebral disc, reducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and inhibiting apoptosis in the nucleus pulposus cells, etc. The main signaling pathways involved include Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, MAPK-related signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Fas/FasL signaling pathway, PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and hedgehog signaling pathway, etc.

Role of Autophagy in Rotavirus Enteritis and Intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Rotavirus enteritis （RVE）， a common infectious disease of the digestive system， is commonly found in infants and young children. Its incidence is high， posing great threats to human health. At present， no specific drugs are available in western medicine and the symptomatic treatments like fluid infusion， anti-diarrhea， correction of electrolyte disorder， protection of gastrointestinal mucosa， and regulation of intestinal microecology have been employed. In addition to the poor therapeutic efficacy， they do not perform well in preventing the onset of RVE and shortening the course of disease. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） exerts the therapeutic effect against RVE via multiple targets， without inducing obvious adverse reactions and the cost is low. The specific mechanism of action has yet to be fully explained. Although there are some studies exploring the role of Chinese medicinal monomers in the pathogenesis of RVE， the types involved are still not enough. The effects of Chinese medicinal monomers on autophagy-related pathways fail to be uncovered， which is attributed to the lack of large-scale experimental data and clinical evidence. There are also many problems that cannot be ignored in the related research of Chinese medicinal compounds， taking the superficial exploration and limited scope for instance. Autophagy is a highly conserved biological phenomenon that involves a variety of signaling pathways. Its dysfunction is related to multiple pathological processes. Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RVE， especially in the early stage of viral infection. Autophagy induces intestinal mucosal barrier damage， intestinal nerve dysfunction， and immune abnormality， resulting in the occurrence and development of RVE. In recent years， a large number of experimental studies have confirmed that TCM fights against circulatory， respiratory， digestive， and immune system diseases as well as tumors by intervening in autophagy. At the same time， a handful of studies have suggested that Chinese medicinal monomers and compounds regulate autophagy and interfere with viral replication by affecting related signaling pathways， thus playing a positive role in reversing the progression of RVE. However， at present， there are few studies on the regulation of autophagy by TCM in the treatment of RVE， and no systematic elaboration is available. This review aimed to summarize the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of RVE and its intervention with TCM， in order to provide more theoretical and clinical evidence for the treatment of RVE with TCM.

Construction of "2R network pharmacology" research method for effective components of traditional Chinese medicine based on "prediction of dominant components-screening of potential targets" / 中国中药杂志

Chinese traditional medicine compound is the main form of Chinese medicine clinical application. The elucidation of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key scientific issues to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, there are many research ideas on the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine compounds. By analyzing the current status and existing problems of existing research ideas, the author proposes a "double reduction network pharmacology"(2 R network pharmacology) research method based on "prediction of dominant components-potential target selection". Chemical components with good properties were selected by ADMET property prediction technology, and compared with the blood components and target organ components to determine the dominant components with potential therapeutic effect, that is "reducing constituents"; the potential core regulatory pathway of traditional Chinese medicine compound was enriched by RNA-Seq technology combined with network database, and then the target of traditional Chinese medicine compound was mined based on the signal pathway, that is "reducing targets". To improve the efficiency and accuracy of effective component screening, the network relationship of "component target" was established by the related technology of network pharmacology. The purpose of this study is to provide practical research ideas and methods for clarifying the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, revealing the law of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine and clarifying the target of drug action.

A review on clinical application of high frequency traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of coronavirus pneumonia 2019 / 中草药

Since December 2019, there has been a sharp increase in the number of confirmed cases of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China, which has caused great concern around the world. In face of severe epidemic, no specific drugs have been found in clinical practice. However, some Chinese medicine compounds have shown obvious clinical efficacy, and it is feasible to find and develop natural drugs for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia from these compounds. In this paper, based on the recommends of new type of coronavirus infection pneumonia diagnosis and treatment scheme (trial version 6), the use frequency of Chinese herbal medicines was calculated. The antiviral reports of high frequency Chinese herbal medicines were reviewed, in order to provide the reference for screening the active components against SARS-CoV-2 from traditional Chinese medicine.

Mechnism research progress of the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine compound on gastric cancer / 国际中医中药杂志

This article reviewed the research on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine compound on gastric cancer. And to discover the traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effect and traditional Chinese medicine ingredients have an effect on the development of tumor, such as influencing the precancerous lesions, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, by inhibiting tumor blood vessels to grow. It will influence tumor cell apoptosis pathway and inflammatory response. TCM compound intervention can improve human immunity, so as to prevent and treat gastric cancer.

Systematic review and screening of basic Chinese herbs for traditional Chinese medicine compounds combined with levodopa medicine in treatment of Parkinson's disease / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds combined with levodopa medicine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD), and screen basic herbs to provide certain evidence-based medical proof and program for better guidance on clinical drug use. Six databases were searched to screen out the randomized controlled trial on the TCM compounds combined with levodopa medicine in the treatment of PD. Literature quality of the included studies was evaluated by improved Jadad rating scale, and the Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. After the data of the basic TCM compounds involved were sorted out, the strong association rules were found by using Apriori algorithm of SPSS Modeler 18.0 software, and then the basic herbs for the treatment of PD could be picked out. A total of 20 studies were eventually included, involving 1 784 patients. Ten studies were of high-quality literature, Jadad score≥4 points. Meta-analysis showed that efficacy of TCM combined with levodopa medicine was better than levodopa medicine alone in lowering Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) score: UPDRS Ⅰ(MD=-0.43, 95%CI[-0.62,-0.24], P<0.000 1), UPDRS Ⅱ(MD=-2.72, 95%CI[-3.24,-2.21], P<0.000 01), UPDRS Ⅲ(MD =-1.97, 95%CI[-2.69,-1.25], P<0.000 01), UPDRS Ⅳ(MD=-0.28, 95%CI[-0.46,-0.11], P=0.002). And the improvement in UPDRS score reduction rate of TCM combined with levodopa medicine was better than that in levodopa medicine alone: effective rate(OR=4.81, 95%CI[3.50, 6.62], P<0.000 01). Data mining results showed that the basic prescription for treating PD consisted of Paeoniae Radix Alba-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-Gastrodiae Rhizoma in general. According to each part of UPDRS, the basic prescription for treating mentation, behavior and mood(UPDRS Ⅰ) consists of Paeoniae Radix Alba-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Among which Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle might have unique efficacy. The basic prescriptions for treating UPDRS Ⅱ and UPDRS Ⅲ consisted of Paeoniae Radix Alba-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, or Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix(two drug combinations). However, in the treatment of UPDRS Ⅳ, the drugs were scattered. But due to the limitations in the quantity and quality of clinical studies, the results obtained still need further research and clinical confirmation of its efficacy.

Progress in Pathological Mechanism of Ischemic Stroke and Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular event that occurs as a result of cerebral vascular occlusion (ischemic stroke) or burst/bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke) leading to cerebral blood flow disruption, causing physical disability and multiple functional impairment. The incidence of ischemic stroke is higher than hemorrhagic stroke, accounting for more than half of the total incidence of stroke. The main cause of the disease is caused by atherosclerosis, various arteritis, trauma and other plaques that cause cerebral vascular disease, which may be caused by a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation. Blood, caused by blocking blood vessels in the brain. Due to the complexity of the causes of ischemic stroke, the pathogenesis and development mechanism are complex and diverse, such as energy failure, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traditional Chinese medicine and compound have the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, multi-effect, and can be applied to the treatment of different stages of stroke occurrence and development. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the pathological process and related mechanisms of ischemic stroke, and the development of targeted drugs, is important to prevent the occurrence of ischemic stroke and control its development. In this paper, the timeline of the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke is the main line. The pathological process and related mechanisms are systematically reviewed. The most widely used traditional Chinese medicine and compound in clinical and basic research are summarized, in order to study the pathological study of ischemic stroke. Clinical treatment provides a theoretical basis and data reference.

Discovery of quality markers of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and visualization technology of content-effect colour atla / 药学学报

The chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds is complex, the treatment is broad, and the quality control indexes cannot accurately reflect the functional properties. According to the above problems, the authors take the research process of quality markers of Qizhiweitong granules as an example to innovate the research ideas and technical methods, and constructed five progressive steps of TCM compounds quality control and evaluation model: "based on function, to figure out the attending", "components and pharmacodynamics correlation, multiple components with multiple effects", "to analyze the components, and systematically integrate them", "spectrum and effect correlation, from a spectrum to see the efficiency", and "from the content-effect colour atla to see the quality". Based on the multiple effects of components, multiple components of multi-effect pharmacological efficacy evaluation system were established. All-time isobaric multiwavelength fusion fingerprint technology was improved and developed. "Spectrum-effect colour atla" software was research and developed for the first time, to realize the "visualization" of TCM efficacy. The aim of this work is to provide an exploratory solution for the integrated quality control of TCM compounds.

Mechanism of Chinese Material Medica in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Cerebral Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction is the commonest and most serious vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. With a high disability and mortality rate, it seriously threatens human health. Because the pathogenesis is still unclear, more and more scholars have focused on the research of diabetic cerebral infarction at home and abroad. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds have a remarkable curative effect in the treatment of diabetic cerebral infarction. Its mechanisms of action mainly include anti-hypertension, reduction of blood sugar and lipid, promotion of vascular regeneration and vascular endothelial function, anticoagulation, anti-thrombosis, improvement of nerve function defect, reduction of infarct volume, improvement of hemorheological, inhibition of inflammation and platelet aggregation, and promotion of collateral circulation. Through literature search, this paper summarizes the research progress of the mechanisms of TCM compounds in treating diabetic cerebral infarction in recent five years at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound in Preventing and Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common malignancy in the world. Although there is progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment, it is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide because it is not easily diagnosed early and the disease progresses quickly. China is a high-risk area for HCC, and the number of cases is high and on the rise. Its prevention and treatment is a pressing problem. At present, western medicine is still unclear about the complex pathogenesis and clinical treatment of HCC. There are still many shortcomings and huge challenges. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has its unique advantages in the treatment of HCC. With an overall concept, it has unique therapeutic effect and fewer side effect on HCC,it can not only inhibit tumor growth, but also alleviate patients' clinical symptoms and improve their quality of life. Therefore, the study of the effect of TCM in treating HCC has attracted the attention from many clinicians and researchers. However, the chemical composition of TCM formula is complex, with many targets and huge network of pharmacodynamic mechanisms, which greatly limits the research on the development of clinical drugs for the Chinese medicine formula. In recent years, there have been achievements in the studies of anti-hepatocarcinoma efficacy and mechanism of action of Chinese medicine compound, which mainly focused on the compound's effect in inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells, blocking cell cycle and inducing apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting liver cancer cell invasion and metastasis, regulating the immune function, synergism and attenuation, and reversing the drug resistance. In this paper, domestic and foreign literatures on the above-mentioned pharmacodynamics and mechanism of anti-liver cancer of TCM compound were studied, analyzed, summarized and summarized. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of its anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism, and provides scientific ideas and evidence for the future study of the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of TCM compound and its rational clinical application.

Roles and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in treating epilepsy / 中国中药杂志

At present,Western medicine is widely used in the treatment of epilepsy.However,about 30%-40% of epileptic patients are resistant to them and are affected by the side effects of these drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in treating epileptic seizures and relieving complications caused by Western medicine.However,the active ingredients and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear.This article reviews and summarizes the advances and mechanisms in treating epilepsy,such as Chinese medicine monomer,the extracts of single Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine compound.Chinese medicine monomers,including gastrodin,asarone,rhynchophylline,ligustrazine,tanshinone ⅡA,curcumin,etc.,have antiepileptic effects via regulating excitatory neurotransmitters and receptors,the expression of inflammatory factors,sodium/potassium ion channels and the expression of apoptotic protein,therefore protecting neurons.The extracts of single Chinese herbal including the extracts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Ganoderma,Scutellariae Radix and Ginkgo Folium,etc.,have antiepileptic effects related to the inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor,upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway and reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and oxidative stress response.Furthermore,these extracts can regulate ion channels and reduce oxidative damage of neurons.Chinese medicine compounds including Dianxian Qing Granules,Danxing Ningxian Granules,Huoxue Dingxian formulae,etc.,can improve the therapeutic effect on epilepsy through simultaneously regulating excitatory transmitters,apoptosis factors and cytokines.

Regulation and mechanism of Yiqijianpi compound on gastric motility of the rats with diabetic gastroparesis / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of Yiqijianpi traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound treatment on gastric motility of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) rats. Methods: Rats were treated with a single shot of STZ (tail vein injection) combined with high fat, high sugar, and irregular feeding methods for 4 weeks to induce DGP in these Rats. Then, they were randomized into the model group (normal saline 10 ml/kg), the mosapride group (mosapride 1.575 mg/kg), the high dose (5 g/kg), and the low dose TCM group (1.25 g/kg). In addition, normal rats were set as the control group (normal saline 10 ml/kg). Each group of rats was intragastrically administered once a day for 4 weeks according to the dose and treatment indicated above. The general conditions were recorded. The changes in weight, blood glucose, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal propulsion rate were monitored. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of gastrin (GAS), plasma motilin (MTL) and substance P (SP). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution and expression of tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) in the gastric antrum. The expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) were detected by Western blotting. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of the gastric antrum. Results: Compared with the control group, rats induced with GDP showed deteriorated disease progress, such as lower body weight (P<0.01) and higher blood glucose levels (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, rats that treated with different drugs showed improved parameters, such as increased body (P<0.05). In addition, lower blood glucose levels were detected in high/low-dose TCM group (P<0.05), with dramatic improvement in the high dose TCM group. The gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate of the model group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in the high dose of TCM and the mosapride group were higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the HE staining of the model group showed gastric glands of the gastric antrum were sparse and disorderly arranged with reduced numbers of blood vessels. Compared with the model group, those improved in each drug-administered group with the best-improved parameters detected in the high dose TCM group. The levels of serum GAS, plasma MTL and SP in the model group were lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL and SP in each drug-administered group were significantly higher than the model group (P<0.01). The expressions of SCF and c-Kit in gastric antrum of the model group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The expression of SCF in gastric antrum of each drug-administered group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05), among which high dose of TCM group changed most significantly (P<0.01). The expression of c-Kit in the mosapride group and the high dose of TCM group was higher than that in the model group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Yiqijianpi compound can improve the gastric motility of DGP rats in a dose-dependent manner. It is likely that Yiqijianpi compound can promote the secretion of GAS, MTL, SP and other gastrointestinal hormones, and regulate the expression of SCF and c-Kit proteins in the gastric antrum.

Research Progress on the Effective Substances and the Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound / 中国药学杂志

It is important to elucidate the effective substances and the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound in revealing the compatibility mechanism of TCM, completing the transformation of large varieties of TCM, modernizing TCM, and gaining international recognition. The research METHODS mainly include: the serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, spectrum-effect relationship, high throughput screening, metabonomics and so on. The main research METHODS reviewed through domestic and foreign related literatures can provide the reference for elucidating the effective substances and the mechanism of TCM compound.

Research on the effects of exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound of castration on rat femur biomechanics / 中国康复医学杂志

@#Objective: To explore the rats bone biomechanics improvement action after exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound of castration. Method: A total of 100 SPF SD female rats, aged 180 days, were randomly divided into blank group，model group，exercise，traditional Chinese medicine compound，sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group, 20 in each group. Followed conventional breeding 14 days after surgery. 2ml 0.9% sodium chloride was filled to stomach daily for model group and exercise group. 2ml traditional Chinese medicine compound solution was filled to the stomach daily for the traditional Chinese medicine compound and sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group. Besides, the rats were forced to running on flat treadmill 20 minutes daily at speed of 5m/min for exercise group and sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group. After 12 weeks treatment, bilateral femur were collected, attached muscle and connective tissue were took out. Then three-point bending test, microstructure observation, and static parameters of bone trabecula test were completed. Result: BMD, maximal load of femur, and static parameters of bone trabecula test for model group, blank group, exercise group, Chinese medicine compound group, exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group all have obvious difference from the model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound is beneficial for treatment of osteoporosis in castrated rats.